The separatist tendency and the national movement in southern Yemen, 1839-1967

Abstract

The national movement began to emerge after the collapse of the Ottoman Empire and the establishment of the modern Turkish Republic on its ruins in 1923 AD. This coincided with the emergence of the nationalist movement in Aruba, where nationalism prevailed in Germany, Italy and the Balkan countries, which led to the collapse of the Empire of Austria-Hungary and the outbreak of the First and Second World Wars. This led to a reformulation of the political map of Europe and many parts of the world, including the Arab world. The United States of America realized that the stage of traditional colonialism had become a thing of the past. And that its continuation may lead to the fall of many Third World countries in the hands of the communist movement, which prompted the United States to put pressure on both Britain and France to qualify their colonies for independence while remaining within the Western system to confront the growing communist tide. At the regional level, and in the midst of liberation from colonialism, many projects emerged that dispute the fate of the region. The Ba'ath movement emerged in both Syria and Iraq. And in Egypt, the national face is on the rise at the expense of nationalism. In the Arabian Peninsula, the Gulf and the Arab Maghreb countries, narrow and regional nationalism prevailed.
          In this context, the Yemeni national movement emerged in southern Yemen, and was affected by all these projects, divided over them, and began to develop and crystallize through them.