International treaties and their legal effects according to the Vienna Convention on Treaties of 1969

Abstract

Within the framework of international relations and as a result of the urgent need imposed by the nature of these relations, it was necessary to find a way to regulate the level of development of these relations among states. Therefore, international treaties emerged to occupy their natural position as the first and main source of public international law.
It was necessary to establish special rules and foundations for regulating international treaties, and this came through the Vienna Convention of 1969 AD (called the Agreement of Agreements).
It is worth noting that international treaties as a source of public international law are stipulated in the Statute of the International Court of Justice, as the text of Article (38) Paragraph (1) clearly clarifies the importance of international treaties, as the court is applied to adjudicate disputes brought before it. In accordance with the following provisions of international law:
General and private international agreements, which establish rules expressly recognized by the conflicting states.
The Vienna Convention of 1969 AD defined the treaty as (an international agreement concluded between two or more countries and subject to international law, whether it was concluded in one document or more and whatever the name given to it) (1).
This definition applies to treaties concluded between states. As for treaties concluded by states with international organizations, or treaties concluded by organizations among themselves, they are governed by the Vienna Convention of 1986 regarding treaties between states and international organizations (2).
After completing the procedures for concluding all international treaties in terms of substantive and formal aspects, it is logical to say that the treaties must be binding on their parties. It is obligatory to abide by all its provisions and implement the obligations that it stated, in accordance with the principle of the contract, the law of the contracting parties (3).
The general rule is that the parties to the original treaties are required to implement the obligations stipulated in them as long as they are the beneficiaries of the rights that they decide. Hence, during the period of their entry into force, the parties to them may not derogate from implementing the provisions they contain. As an exception to this rule, the effects of international treaties extend to Other countries, which were not party to the treaty, with their consent and consent in accordance with Article (34) of the Vienna Convention of 1969 AD (4).
In view of the importance of international treaties and their effects, we will study this topic in some detail, as we will address the topic as follows:
The first topic: the impact of international treaties between its parties.
First: Enforcement of international treaties.
Second: the validity of international treaties.
Third: the condition that the conditions remain as they are.
The second topic: the impact of treaties on others.
First: the principle of the relative effect of treaties.
Second: The exceptions to the principle of relativity of treaties.
A- Treaties that establish stable conditions in international custom.
b- Most-favored countries condition.
c- Conditioning in favor of others.
d- The condition for subsequent accession.