The concept of the modern civil state

Abstract

Praise be to God, Lord of the worlds, and prayers and peace be upon our Master Muhammad, his pure family, and his honorable, rightly-guided companions.
The state that we mean here is not a proper feminine noun, rather it is an adjective or a set of attributes that should be available in a state in order for it to be described as a modern, civil state.
Perhaps, in our belief, it is still a tendency: (disposition pre) lurking in the souls aspiring to a development in the function of the modern state, so that it becomes a state that enshrines the rule of law, and establishes the principles of justice and equality among people, regardless of their beliefs, races, and colors, as it is still understood (conception) has not yet crystallized, especially in third world countries to which the idea is driven by countries with well-established democracies, and which see themselves as having established the features of the modern civil state, and painted its ideal image, and began to market it as a package for the late nations in embracing democracy, and establishing the rules of governance. Al-Rasheed: (Good governance), which is a synonym for them with the modern civil state that we would like to talk about.
Also, the concept of the civil state in the form that we will seek to report later, is still a matter of controversy between the importing and exporting countries, especially the Arab and Islamic countries, where the proponents of the idea believe that religion in general collides with the concept of the modern civil state, which caused panic and sensitivity from the nascent concept. The talk of the state resulted in the division of the Islamic society into two groups that are still engaged in a debate that contributes to the crystallization of this concept, as the first group believes that it means the exclusion of Islamic law from governance and the secularization of the state, while the second group believes that this civil concept of the state does not contradict the provisions of the Sharia. Islam, which endorsed the principle of justice, equality, responsibility, and shura, and preserved the rights of minorities, stressed on that, and even practiced it practically over centuries.
In order to see which group is more deserving of what is right, we must deal with the concept of the modern civil state as it is promoted today, and then extract its features and characteristics, and its most important conditions. .

The concept of the modern civil state